中国地质大学学报(社会科学版）

国家公园作为重要的生态空间，承担着生态保护、社会服务与绿色发展等多重功能。毗邻区作为与国家公园地理毗连、功能交互及利益共生的过渡空间，其协同治理的必要性既源于生态系统完整性保护与全民共享的现实需求，更在于破解保护与发展二元对立的深层矛盾。传统相邻权理论囿于私法层面的不动产权利冲突，局限于平面化、单一化的调整模式，难以有效规制国家公园与毗邻区的空间相邻关系。既有法权结构亦难以适配毗邻区与国家公园在生态功能、资源利用及利益分配方面的空间交互性与动态关联性。作为一种新型治理模式，生态空间相邻权在承继传统相邻权中容忍与便利要求的同时，更强调空间上的功能互补与利益共享。建构以生态空间相邻权为法理基础的协同治理框架，可以突破传统地理边界与私法权属的二维局限，在治理主体上明确多元共治模式，在治理工具上实现功能互补性整合，在治理关系中确立“限制—补偿—共享”的空间利益分配规则，并形成以生态功能整体性为核心，统筹生态安全、资源优化与空间利益协调的新型治理范式。

National parks, as important ecological spaces, undertake multiple functions such as ecological protection, social services, and green development. Adjacent areas, serving as transitional spaces geographically connected to national parks with functional interaction and symbiotic interests, require collaborative governance. This necessity arises not only from the practical need to protect the integrity of ecosystems and ensure benefits for all, but also, more fundamentally, from the need to resolve the deep-seated conflict between conservation and development. Traditional theories of adjacent rights, confined to private property rights conflicts within the sphere of private law and limited to a flat, unitary regulatory models, prove inadequate for effectively regulating the spatial adjacency between national parks and their adjacent areas. The existing legal structure of rights is also ill-suited to the spatial interactivity and dynamic correlation between national parks and their adjacent areas in terms of ecological functions, resource utilization, and benefit distribution. As a new type of governance model, the ecological space adjacent right, while inheriting the requirements of tolerance and convenience from traditional rights, places greater emphasis on spatial functional complementarity and benefit sharing. Constructing a collaborative governance framework based on the jurisprudential foundation of the ecological space adjacent right can transcend the two-dimensional limitations of traditional geographic boundaries and private law ownership. This involves clarifying a multi-stakeholder governance model among governance actors, achieving functionally complementary integration in governance tools, establishing spatial benefit distribution rules of “restriction-compensation-sharing” within governance relationships, and forming a new governance paradigm centered on the integrity of ecological functions that integrates ecological security, resource optimization, and coordination of spatial interests.