中国地质大学学报(社会科学版）

精准扶贫作为中国减贫事业的核心政策，其对农户生计的改善是否会推动生活用能的绿色转型，是理解乡村经济与能源协同发展的关键议题。本研究基于2018—2020年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，采用无序多分类logit模型分析了精准扶贫政策对低收入群体生活用能转型的影响，并从生活环境转变和生计非农转型两个维度进一步探究精准扶贫政策对农户生活用能转型的“双生”作用机制。研究发现，精准扶贫政策能有效降低农户选择污染性能源（如薪柴、煤炭）的概率，但对推动农户转向清洁性能源（如电力、天然气）的作用不显著。中介机制检验表明，精准扶贫政策通过生活环境转变与生计非农转型的“双生”机制，在抑制低收入群体生活用能污染化转型中成效显著，但尚未有效撬动清洁化转型。其中生活环境转变机制呈现“软环境驱动，硬环境滞后”的特征；而生计非农转型机制通过收入赋能和时间约束双重路径抑制用能污染化转变。基于此，结合当前数智时代发展优势，从政策协同、环境优化、生计升级三个方面提出政策建议，推动农村生活用能从“被动减污”向“主动清洁”转变。

As the core policy of China's poverty alleviation drive, Targeted Poverty Alleviation(TPA) has a profound influence on rural households' livelihood improvement. Whether this improvement can propel the green transition of residential energy consumption constitutes a key issue for understanding the coordinated development of rural economy and energy systems. Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) spanning 2018 to 2020, this study employs a multinomial logit model to analyze the impact of TPA policy on the transition of residential energy use among low-income groups. Furthermore, it explores the “twin” mechanisms through from two dimensions—specifically, changes in living environments and the shift toward non-agricultural livelihoods. The findings reveal that TPA effectively reduces rural households' probability of adopting polluting energy sources(e. g., firewood and coal), yet its role in promoting the transition to clean energy(e. g., electricity and natural gas) is not statistically significant. Mediating effect tests confirm that TPA exerts a significant inhibitory impact on the adoption of polluting energy among low-income groups through the “twin” mechanisms of living environment transformation and non-agricultural livelihood transition but has not yet effectively facilitated the shift toward clean energy. Notably, the living environment transformation mechanism exhibits the characteristic of “soft environment-driven progress coupled with hard environment lag”, while the non-agricultural livelihood transition mechanism curbs the use of polluting energy through dual pathways: income empowerment and time constraints. Drawing on these insights and leveraging the advantages of the digital and intelligent era, this study proposes policy recommendations from three dimensions—policy coordination, environmental optimization, and livelihood upgrading—to promote rural residential energy use from “passive pollution reduction” to “proactive clean energy adoption”.