中国地质大学学报(社会科学版）

当前司法解释以将服务功能恢复至损害发生前的“基线水平”作为生态环境损害修复的目标。但是，这一标准的本质仍系传统民法恢复原状要求下的损害填平，其仅可作为个案中侵权人的责任标准，而不宜作为生态修复整体制度的目标。基于《民法典》与《生态环境法典》人民性的要求，以及生态修复本身的现实面向，应以实现人民群众对“美好生态环境”的期望为其修复的应然目标。“美好生态环境”目标要求生态修复符合人民群众的整体和长远利益、契合国家生态文明建设的全局规划、实现生态环境完整价值的最大化。为实现“美好生态环境”目标，需要由侵权人承担将受损生态修复至“基线水平”的费用；而“基线水平”至“美好生态环境”阶段的修复费用则应由政府基金和社会资本承担。

Current judicial interpretations adopt the restoration of service functions to the “baseline level” before damage occurrence as the goal of ecological environment restoration. However, this standard essentially remains a damage compensation mechanism under the traditional civil law requirement of restitution in integrum, which can only serve as the liability criterion for individual tortfeasors rather than the systemic objective of the entire ecological restoration regime. Based on the people-centric principle mandated by the Civil Code and the Ecological and Environmental Code, coupled with the practical orientation of ecological restoration itself, the normative goal should be shifted to fulfilling the public's expectation for a “beautiful ecological environment”. This objective requires ecological restoration to align with three dimensions: safeguarding the holistic and long-term interests of the people, integrating with the national strategic planning for ecological civilization construction, and maximizing the integral value of the ecological environment. To achieve the “beautiful ecological environment” goal, tortfeasors should bear the costs of restoring damaged ecosystems to the “baseline level”, while the restoration costs required for advancing from the “baseline level” to the “beautiful ecological environment” stage ought to be jointly undertaken by government funds and social capital.