中国地质大学学报(社会科学版）

加快生态环境的保护和建设是北京迎接“绿色奥运”的重要内容之一,深入研究并提出生态环境保护和建设的有效途径,对首都“绿色奥运”的开展、社会经济的协调发展和生态环境的管理等具有重要的价值和意义。文章通过研究1990—2003年北京市生态足迹的变化,认为北京市人均生态赤字与人口、GDP表现出明显的相关性,其相关系数均达0.92左右。在人均生态足迹项目上,化石燃料用地占主导地位;在人均生态承载力上,北京市约为全球人均生态承载力的1.25%;从1990年开始,人均生态赤字为0.72 hm2左右,处于强度不可持续状态。研究建议北京市应尽快进行社会经济结构调整、严格控制人口增长、严格控制建筑用地对土地的占用、提高能源利用率和降低能源消耗等,从而减少生态赤字、促进社会经济协调和可持续发展。

Speeding up the environmental protection and construction is one of the major issues in "Greener Olympic Games" to be held in Beijing in 2008.Making a thorough study to find out the reliable measures to ecological resumption in Beijing has an important scientific and practical significance.It can provide scientific basis for making a better decision for "Greener Olympic Games",the development in harmony for society and economy and the management for ecological environment.By studying the change of ecological footprint from 1990 to 2003 in Beijing,this paper shows that ecological footprint per capita has a strong relativity with population and GDP,their correlation coefficients are about 0.92,and the fossil energy land has a position in the lead in ecological footprint items.The study also shows that the ecological capacity per capita in Beijing accounts for 1.25% of the global ecological capacity per capita.Beginning from 1990,the ecological deficit in Beijing has been about 0.72 hm²,indicating strongly unsustainable development at present.And finally,the paper suggests that the social and economic structure should be adjusted as soon as possible,the management of resources should be strengthened,the population increase should be strictly controlled,and the conversion of arable land into construction use should also be under control.Simultaneity,the utilizing ratio of energy sources should be increased,and the consumption of energy sources and ecological deficit in Beijing should be reduced in order to speed up the social and economic development in harmony and sustainment.